OK, I finally bought a package of spokes, and went through and replaced all the ones that I'd previously replaced with not-quite-the-right-sized spokes before (none of the local bike shops seem to really stock spokes in a proper variety of sizes).
It's now obvious that I built the thing with the tension too low. The spokes that were broken were (counting from the valve hole in the direction of rotation): #4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 17.
So apart from that one #17, it was more than half the trailing edge spokes on the non-drive side. All broken at the elbow. As people have told me, this means that the tension is too low, and every time I push, particularly up hills which I have plenty of, it takes the stress OFF the trailing edge spokes, then hammers the stress back on again as my stroke bottoms out. Probably made worse because I'm not using clipless pedals so my stroke tends to be slower, more power, and more cyclic than if I were clipped in and spinning.
So anyway, I marked the replaced spokes with a small sticky dot inside the rim under the liner so I can keep track of what's breaking, and I'm going to retrue and retension, but this time I'll use this article in addition, since I don't want to go out and buy a tensiometer.
http://www.bikexprt.com/bicycle/tension.htmIt seems like this method should be very accurate; the ear can hear differences that would be difficult to measure. We'll see what happens.
Aren't learning experiences fun?
Speaking of spokes,
here's a funny picOne thing's for sure; with the current condition of the roads that I'm riding on, if any spoke gets weak due to cyclic stress, it's going to break. Jesus they're getting rough. It's like having someone pound the bottom of the seat with a sledgehammer a few dozen times a ride. I'm even hoping for snow to fill in the potholes. I also find myself wishing the roads got paved, though I don't expect to see that for many years.
I'm going to try to build a truing stand and a dish tool today (or at least, soon). I've been doing it on the bike on a car rack, but it occurs to me that I won't want to stand in the snow this winter truing a damn wheel, so I better have some indoor alternative.
I've kinda decided to not ride if there's a chance of rain and it's cold (AKA until about April). We're into the season where the kids bring home every germ in the universe; I'm on my 2nd cold in 2 weeks and wimped out Thu/Fri due to rain.
Check this out:

(click for larger image)